THE development of accounting and legal studies within Papua New Guinea (PNG) has roots deeply embedded in the nation’s history of colonialism and post-independence efforts to establish a unique educational framework.
During the colonial era, the legal system was heavily influenced by the Australian model, which laid the foundation for PNG’s postcolonial legal structure. After gaining independence in 1975, there was an aspiration to create a legal system that reflected local customs and traditions. However, this goal proved challenging, leading to the retention of many Western legal principles (CAP Press) (Wikipedia) .
The establishment of higher education in PNG began with the Currie Commission in 1964, which investigated the need for higher education in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. This led to the creation of the University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) in 1965, a pivotal institution for the development of accounting and legal studies. The university system in PNG was initially modeled after the Australian education system, which significantly influenced its curriculum and structure (Wikipedia) .
Over time, PNG has integrated various educational reforms, including the introduction of bilingual education programs that use both community languages and English. These reforms aim to make education more accessible and relevant to the local context (Wikipedia) .
Understanding the history and evolution of accounting and legal studies in PNG requires acknowledging the colonial influences and the ongoing efforts to adapt these fields to the unique cultural and societal needs of the country. This historical perspective is crucial for advocating the preservation and advancement of these academic disciplines within PNG’s educational framework.
James Litai, Enga Provincial Examination Supervisor, staunchly opposed the proposed exclusion of Accounting and Legal Studies from the country’s educational repertoire under the Standards Based Curriculum (SBC).
Litai underscored the global importance of these subjects, pivotal in shaping rigorous academic pursuits recognized by bachelor’s degree programs worldwide. He questioned the rationale behind their removal, emphasizing their longstanding tradition and essential role in nurturing comprehensive educational pathways.
Implemented in 2023 at the Grade nine level, the SBC represents a progressive shift aimed at modernizing PNG’s educational approach, with Grade 10 students leading the charge into its examination system. While Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects anchor the framework, concerns have emerged over the marginalization of humanities disciplines.
Of particular contention was the substitution of Legal Studies with subjects like Political Science and Environmental Science. Litai argued that these replacements fail to address PNG’s unique socio-political context adequately, omitting critical topics such as governmental structures crucial for civic education.
The redundancy of Environmental Science was also scrutinized, with Litai advocating for its consolidation within Geography, a subject already encompassing pertinent environmental themes. Furthermore, the removal of Accounting from the Business and Technology pathway was criticized for overlooking its distinct contributions compared to Business Studies.
Calling for immediate intervention from the Secretary for Education, Litai urged a comprehensive review of the SBC. His plea resonates widely among educators and stakeholders, who fear the erosion of foundational subjects vital for PNG’s academic rigor and relevance to its socio-economic landscape.
As the educational community awaits decisions on the fate of Accounting and Legal Studies, Litai’s impassioned defense underscores a broader call for preserving educational foundations aligned with both global standards and PNG’s specific needs. The ongoing discourse highlights the imperative of balanced curriculum reform that respects tradition while embracing necessary advancements in educational practice.
In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the inclusion of Accounting and Legal Studies in the educational curriculum plays a pivotal role in shaping well-rounded students equipped for both academic excellence and practical career paths.
Accounting education is fundamental as it equips students with essential financial literacy and analytical skills. Understanding financial principles prepares students not only for careers in accounting and finance but also for entrepreneurship and management roles across various sectors. With PNG’s growing economy, competent accounting professionals are crucial for maintaining financial integrity and fostering economic growth.
Similarly, Legal Studies provide students with a foundational understanding of the law, governance structures, and the rights and responsibilities within society. This knowledge is vital for developing informed citizens capable of engaging in civic duties, understanding legal frameworks, and potentially pursuing careers in law, public administration, or advocacy.
Estimates indicate a steady demand for legal and accounting professionals in PNG. The country produces approximately 100 law graduates annually from institutions like the University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) and the Divine Word University. These graduates contribute significantly to legal practices, government agencies, and corporate legal departments, playing critical roles in upholding justice and legal compliance.
In accounting, PNG sees an increasing number of graduates from institutions such as the UPNG School of Business and Public Policy and the Papua New Guinea University of Technology. These graduates are essential for supporting financial management in businesses, government entities, and non-profit organizations, ensuring transparent financial reporting and strategic financial planning.
As PNG continues to develop its economic infrastructure and regulatory frameworks, the demand for skilled professionals in accounting and legal fields will only grow. Therefore, maintaining robust educational programs in Accounting and Legal Studies is not only prudent but essential for fostering a knowledgeable workforce capable of steering the nation towards sustainable development and prosperity.
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